New research has found that when temperatures rise, there’s an increase in the rate of heart attacks among those with diabetes. With global average temperatures increasing each year alongside rising incidences of diabetes, heart attack as a result of hot climates are a major concern for medical professionals and diabetes patients alike.
A new study compared rates of heart attack with temperature patterns in those with and without diabetes in Hong Kong between 2002 and 2011. They collected weather data from the Hong Kong Observatory. They determined rates of acute myocardial infarction from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. The results were adjusted to account for meteorological variables, air pollutants, season, age group, gender, and admission type (first admissions and readmissions).
In total, 53,769 incidents of heart attack were included in the study. They found different kinds of associations between rates of heart attack and temperature in the patients with diabetes and those without. The patients without diabetes showed only a weak correlation to the weather in relation to heart attack risk. Meaning, when the weather dropped below 22 degrees Celsius, patients without diabetes showed an increase in the rate of heart attack. There was no connection between heart attack risk and warmer temperatures in patients without diabetes.
Extreme Temperatures Increase Risk of Heart Attack
The patients with diabetes showed a very clear linear pattern when rates of heart attack were compared to the temperature. When the temperature dropped below 22 degrees Celsius, diabetes patients experienced higher rates of heart attack and when the temperature increased, particularly above 28 degrees Celsius, the researchers also noted an increased risk of suffering an acute myocardial infarction. The results show a distinctive temperature sensitivity in relation to the risk of heart attack in patients with diabetes.
These differences in results between diabetes versus non-diabetes patients were most prominently seen in the participants 75 or older, during the cold season, and in first-time admission patients. The diabetes patients were also found to have a higher risk of heart attack during the cold season than those without diabetes, although risk increased for both groups during colder temperatures. “Findings of this study should be taken into account when drafting targeted health policy against extreme temperatures and planning patient care for people with diabetes,” write the researchers.
While the results are significant in Hong Kong where the data was collected, additional information is still needed to verify these findings in other regions and climates. The study conclusion continues, “Further studies from regions with differing climates examining effect modification of AMI–temperature (acute myocardial infarction) associations by DM (diabetes mellitus) status are needed. Future studies projecting the possible effects of rising temperatures on AMI incidence among DM patients should be considered.”
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